Powertrain

Disclaimer: Please note that we do not cover all existing technical details, as we aim to provide a simple, easy to read, yet efficient insight on the available E39 powertrain alternatives along with their community-established pros and cons, in order for the potential buyers to know what they're getting into when deciding to buy such machines.

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Diesel

1. The E39 520d

Engine 

But this does not mean you should run away from the 520d. It does get an astonishingly good fuel economy and with its well-known reliability, the 520d is a perfect candidate for a daily driving, economical E39. 

Performance

Sound

Acceleration

Reliability

The M47 engine was generally well-regarded for its durability when properly maintained. However, owners often reported issues with the swirl flaps in the intake manifold, which could break off and cause serious engine damage. Many enthusiasts recommend deleting or replacing these components as a precaution. Additionally, regular servicing of the turbocharger and fuel injectors was key to avoiding costly repairs. With proper care, the M47 engine was capable of covering high mileages reliably, making it a solid choice for budget-conscious buyers.

Fuel Consumption – A Standout Feature of the M47

One of the most attractive features of the M47 diesel engine in the BMW E39 520d was its exceptional fuel efficiency, making it an economical choice for buyers prioritizing lower running costs. The combination of a smaller displacement diesel engine, direct injection, and turbocharging contributed to impressive fuel economy figures, especially compared to petrol-powered variants in the E39 range.

Fuel Consumption (Combined): 5.9–6.3 liters per 100 kilometers (roughly 37–40 mpg)
Fuel Tank Capacity: 70 liters (18.5 gallons)

Market Context

The E39 520d, like the other diesel-powered E39's, was not available in the US market, where petrol engines dominated. In the UK and Europe, the 520d appealed to drivers looking for an economical alternative to petrol variants like the 520i (2.2L I6) or the 523i (2.5L I6). Its balance of luxury features and low running costs made it particularly popular in regions where diesel powertrains were highly regarded for efficiency.

Comparison to Other Markets

In contrast, the US market for the E39 lineup was focused on larger petrol engines like the 525i (2.5L I6), 530i (3.0L I6), and the high-performance 540i (4.4L V8). The absence of diesel options meant US buyers did not benefit from the fuel efficiency of models like the 520d, leaving the European market to enjoy its cost-saving advantages.

2. The E39 525tds

Engine 

Performance

The engine powering the BMW E39 525tds was the 2.5-liter inline-six (I6) turbodiesel, known as the M51D25. This engine produced 143 horsepower (105 kW) at 4,400 rpm and 280 Nm (207 lb-ft) of torque at 2,200 rpm. While not a high-performance engine by modern standards, it delivered ample low-end torque, being and inline-6 turbodiesel. 

For drivers who desired more power while still benefiting from the advantages of a diesel engine, the 530d model with its updated M57 engine (3.0L I6, 184/193 hp) offered significantly improved performance without compromising much on fuel efficiency.

Specifications:

• Power Output: 143 hp (105 kW) at 4,400 rpm
• Torque: 280 Nm (207 lb-ft) at 2,200 rpm
• 0-100 km/h (0-62 mph) Acceleration: 11.5 seconds
• Top Speed: 206 km/h (128 mph)

Sound

Acceleration

Fuel Efficiency

Fuel efficiency was a key advantage of the 525tds, making it an attractive option for buyers looking to balance luxury and economy. The combination of a six-cylinder diesel engine and turbocharging allowed for respectable consumption figures. However, the latter 530d reportedly has quite the same stats while making more power, being one of the most saught after engine variants when it comes to the E39 chassis.

Fuel Consumption (Combined): 7.5–8.5 liters per 100 kilometers (roughly 28–31 mpg)
Fuel Tank Capacity: 70 liters (18.5 gallons)

Reliability

The M51 engine was known for its durability when properly maintained, but it had a few notable weak points. Injection pump failure, particularly the hydraulic head, was a common issue. Preventive maintenance and regular inspections of the injection pump were strongly recommended to avoid costly repairs.

Other potential areas of concern included the turbocharger and cooling system, which were prone to wear, especially in high-mileage vehicles. Owners who adhered to a consistent maintenance schedule often reported the M51 engine performing reliably even beyond 500,000 kilometers.

Comparison to Other Models

While the 520d offered better fuel economy, the 525tds provided a smoother and more refined driving experience due to its six-cylinder engine. However, it fell short of the performance and modern efficiency offered by the 530d, which featured a newer engine design with direct injection and greater output.

*US Market did not get any of those. 

3. The E39 525d

Engine 

The BMW E39 525d was powered by the M57D25 engine, a 2.5-liter inline-six (I6) turbodiesel. Introduced as part of BMW's newer M57 engine family, it represented a significant technological leap over the older M51 engine. The M57D25 featured a common rail direct injection system and a double overhead camshaft (DOHC) design with 24 valves, improving efficiency, performance, and refinement.

Equipped with a variable-geometry turbocharger (VGT), the M57D25 delivered better responsiveness across the rev range, enhancing both low-end torque and high-speed power. This engine was designed to meet stricter emissions standards while maintaining BMW's hallmark driving dynamics and efficiency.

Performance

The M57 engine delivered 163 horsepower (120 kW) at 4,000 rpm and 350 Nm (258 lb-ft) of torque at 2,000 rpm. This power output provided solid acceleration and improved overtaking ability compared to earlier diesel models. The 525d offered a refined and responsive driving experience, with the variable-geometry turbocharger ensuring smooth torque delivery across the rev range.

Specifications:

• Power Output: 163 hp (120 kW) at 4,000 rpm
• Torque: 350 Nm (258 lb-ft) at 2,000 rpm
• 0-100 km/h (0-62 mph) Acceleration: 8.9 seconds
• Top Speed: 220 km/h (137 mph)

The 525d's performance positioned it between the entry-level 520d and the more powerful 530d, making it an excellent choice for drivers seeking a balance of efficiency and driving pleasure.

Sound

Acceleration

Fuel Consumption

The M57D25 engine was engineered for excellent fuel economy, thanks to its advanced injection system and turbocharger. This efficiency made the E39 525d a cost-effective option for long-distance travel while retaining the refinement of a six-cylinder engine.

Fuel Consumption (Combined): 6.7–7.0 liters per 100 kilometers (roughly 34–36 mpg)
Fuel Tank Capacity: 70 liters (18.5 gallons)

Reliability 

The M57D25 engine was known for its robustness and reliability, but, like any diesel engine, it required regular maintenance to perform at its best. Key areas to monitor included:

• Swirl Flaps: Commonly found in the intake manifold, these could fail and cause engine damage. Many owners opted for swirl flap removal or replacement as a preventive measure.
• Turbocharger Maintenance: Regular servicing of the variable-geometry turbocharger was essential to avoid wear and performance issues.
• Fuel System: The common rail injection system required high-quality diesel and periodic injector maintenance to prevent clogging or failure.

4. The E39 530d

Engine 

The BMW E39 530d was powered by the M57D30 engine, a 3.0-liter inline-six (I6) turbodiesel that was the most powerful and sought-after diesel variant in the E39 lineup. Introduced as part of BMW's M57 engine family, this engine featured common rail direct injection and a variable-geometry turbocharger (VGT), delivering exceptional performance, refinement, and efficiency.

Its robust design and engineering also made it popular among enthusiasts for performance modifications, offering the potential to increase power without significant compromises to reliability, and relatively cheap.

Performance

With 193 horsepower (142 kW) at 4,000 rpm and 410 Nm (302 lb-ft) of torque at 2,000 rpm, the 530d was the most powerful diesel variant in the E39 range. This made it a favorite among drivers who wanted strong performance without the higher running costs of the petrol-powered models. Or among those who wanted to reach figures of >300hp without much hassle. 

The M57D30 engine's design made it a favorite among enthusiasts for power modifications. With just a remap, the 530d could comfortably achieve outputs of over 230–250 hp and torque well above 500 Nm, transforming it into a performance diesel without significantly impacting reliability when done correctly.

Specifications:

• Power Output: 193 hp (142 kW) at 4,000 rpm
• Torque: 410 Nm (302 lb-ft) at 2,000 rpm
• 0-100 km/h (0-62 mph) Acceleration: 7.8 seconds
• Top Speed: 227 km/h (141 mph)

The 530d's strong acceleration and high-speed capabilities set it apart from its smaller diesel siblings, the 520d and 525d. 

Sound

Acceleration

Fuel Efficiency

Despite its powerful performance, the 530d maintained impressive fuel economy, making it an excellent choice for those seeking both power and efficiency.

Fuel Consumption (Combined): 7.0–7.5 liters per 100 kilometers (roughly 31–34 mpg)
Fuel Tank Capacity: 70 liters (18.5 gallons)

Reliability 

The M57D30 engine is known among the enthusiasts for its realiability. 

It is often reffered as a bulletproof engine when maintained correctly. Also, it is considered to be a much stronger engine than the newer N57's. 

Many engines have reportedly achieved a mileage of over 600.000km and still going strong.

Petrol

1. The E39 520i

Engine 

The BMW E39 520i was powered by the M52B20 (pre-facelift) and later the M54B22 (facelift) engines, both part of BMW's renowned inline-six (I6) engine family. The M52B20, a 2.0-liter unit, featured an aluminum block with Nikasil-coated cylinder liners (later replaced with steel liners) and BMW's VANOS variable valve timing system, offering a smooth power delivery and refined performance.

With the facelift in 2000, the M54B22 replaced the older M52, increasing displacement to 2.2 liters while improving torque and efficiency. The M54 engine introduced electronic throttle control and a redesigned intake system, further enhancing responsiveness and fuel economy.

While not the most powerful engine in the E39 lineup, the 520i was appreciated for its balance, reliability, and smooth-revving nature, making it a solid choice for those who valued efficiency and classic BMW driving dynamics over outright speed. Enthusiasts often praise its durability and ease of maintenance, though performance modifications are more limited compared to larger displacement E39 variants.

Performance

The BMW E39 520i was the entry-level six-cylinder model in the lineup, offering a blend of refinement, reliability, and adequate performance for everyday driving. Depending on the engine variant, power output varied slightly between the M52B20 (pre-facelift) and M54B22 (facelift) versions.

The M52B20, a 2.0-liter inline-six, produced 150 hp (110 kW) at 5,900 rpm and 190 Nm (140 lb-ft) at 3,500 rpm. While not the most powerful engine in the E39 range, it delivered a smooth and linear powerband, characteristic of BMW's naturally aspirated inline-six engines.

With the facelift, the M54B22 increased displacement to 2.2 liters, boosting power to 170 hp (125 kW) at 6,100 rpm and torque to 210 Nm (155 lb-ft) at 3,500 rpm. This provided a modest but noticeable improvement in responsiveness and mid-range pull, making it a more enjoyable engine for both city driving and highway cruising.

Specs:

Pre-Facelift (M52B20, 2.0L I6)

• Power Output: 150 hp (110 kW) @ 5,900 rpm
• Torque: 190 Nm (140 lb-ft) @ 3,500 rpm
• 0-100 km/h (0-62 mph) Acceleration: ~10.2 seconds (manual)
• Top Speed: ~218 km/h (135 mph)

Facelift (M54B22, 2.2L I6)

• Power Output: 170 hp (125 kW) @ 6,100 rpm
• Torque: 210 Nm (155 lb-ft) @ 3,500 rpm
• 0-100 km/h (0-62 mph) Acceleration: ~9.0 seconds (manual)
• Top Speed: ~225 km/h (140 mph)

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Acceleration

Fuel Efficiency

Pre-Facelift (M52B20, 2.0L I6)

• Combined: ~9.0–9.5 liters per 100 km (25–26 mpg)
• Urban: ~12.0–13.0 liters per 100 km (18–20 mpg)
• Extra-Urban: ~7.0–7.5 liters per 100 km (31–34 mpg)
• Fuel Tank Capacity: 70 liters (18.5 gallons)

Facelift (M54B22, 2.2L I6)

• Combined: ~8.5–9.0 liters per 100 km (26–28 mpg)
• Urban: ~11.5–12.5 liters per 100 km (19–21 mpg)
• Extra-Urban: ~6.5–7.5 liters per 100 km (31–36 mpg)
• Fuel Tank Capacity: 70 liters (18.5 gallons)

Reliability

The M52B20 is particularly known for its durability and simplicity, with fewer electronic components compared to later BMW engines. However, early versions with Nikasil cylinder liners were prone to wear when exposed to high-sulfur fuel, though this is no longer a major concern.

The M54B22, while an improvement in power and efficiency, introduced a few common issues such as oil consumption, cooling system weaknesses, and DISA valve failures. Despite these, it remains a reliable and long-lasting engine when maintained correctly.

2. The E39 523i

Engine 

The BMW E39 523i was powered by the M52B25 engine, a 2.5-liter inline-six (I6) that offered a balance between performance, refinement, and efficiency. Part of BMW's M52 engine family, it featured an aluminum block with Nikasil-coated cylinder liners (later replaced with steel liners in certain markets) and VANOS variable valve timing, ensuring smooth power delivery across the rev range.

With the E39 facelift in 2000, the M52B25 was replaced by the M54B25, which retained the same displacement but introduced electronic throttle control, revised intake and exhaust systems, and improved engine management. These refinements enhanced reliability, fuel efficiency, and mid-range torque, making the facelifted 523i a more refined driving experience.

Although not the most powerful model in the E39 lineup, the 523i was appreciated for its balance of performance and economy, offering stronger acceleration than the 520i while maintaining better efficiency than the 528i or 530i. Its smooth-revving nature and reliability have made it a favorite among enthusiasts who appreciate BMW's classic inline-six character.

Performance

The 523i sat comfortably between the 520i and 528i, offering a well-rounded mix of power and efficiency. Its M52B25 engine produced 170 hp (125 kW) at 5,500 rpm and 245 Nm (181 lb-ft) at 3,950 rpm, giving it a little bit better performance than the 520i while still maintaining decent fuel economy.

With the facelift, the M54B25 increased power slightly to 174 hp (128 kW) at 6,000 rpm, though peak torque remained similar at 245 Nm (181 lb-ft) at 3,500 rpm. The updated engine provided a smoother and more responsive throttle feel, along with improved fuel management.

While the 523i was not designed as a high-performance model, it delivered refined acceleration and a strong mid-range, making it an excellent option for those who valued driving pleasure without excessive fuel consumption.

Specs:

Pre-Facelift (M52B25, 2.5L I6)

• Power Output: 170 hp (125 kW) @ 5,500 rpm
• Torque: 245 Nm (181 lb-ft) @ 3,950 rpm
• 0-100 km/h (0-62 mph) Acceleration: ~8.5 seconds (manual)
• Top Speed: ~230 km/h (143 mph)

Facelift (M54B25, 2.5L I6)

• Power Output: 174 hp (128 kW) @ 6,000 rpm
• Torque: 245 Nm (181 lb-ft) @ 3,500 rpm
• 0-100 km/h (0-62 mph) Acceleration: ~8.0 seconds (manual)
• Top Speed: ~233 km/h (145 mph)

Sound

Acceleration

Fuel Efficiency

Pre-Facelift (M52B25, 2.5L I6)

• Combined: ~8.5–9.5 liters per 100 km (25–28 mpg)
• Urban: ~11.5–12.5 liters per 100 km (19–21 mpg)
• Extra-Urban: ~6.5–7.5 liters per 100 km (31–36 mpg)
• Fuel Tank Capacity: 70 liters (18.5 gallons)

Facelift (M54B25, 2.5L I6)

• Combined: ~8.0–9.0 liters per 100 km (26–29 mpg)
• Urban: ~11.0–12.0 liters per 100 km (19–22 mpg)
• Extra-Urban: ~6.0–7.0 liters per 100 km (34–39 mpg)
• Fuel Tank Capacity: 70 liters (18.5 gallons)

Reliability

The M52B25 is particularly durable, with fewer electronic components compared to later BMW engines. However, early Nikasil-coated cylinder liners had issues in markets with high-sulfur fuel, though most affected engines have either been replaced or continue to run without major issues.

The M54B25, while refined, introduced a few common issues such as oil consumption, DISA valve failures, and cooling system weaknesses. Despite this, proper maintenance can ensure long-term reliability, with many M54 engines surpassing 400,000 km (250,000 miles) without major problems.

3. The E39 530i

Engine 

The BMW E39 530i was powered by the M54B30, a 3.0-liter inline-six (I6) that delivered strong performance, smooth power delivery, and impressive refinement. As the most powerful naturally aspirated six-cylinder engine in the E39 lineup, it struck the perfect balance between performance, reliability, and efficiency.

Introduced with the 2000 facelift, the M54B30 replaced the older M52TU-based 528i, bringing electronic throttle control, a revised intake manifold, and an improved cooling system. These enhancements resulted in better low-end torque, smoother acceleration, and a more responsive throttle.

Thanks to its bulletproof design and strong aftermarket support, the 530i remains a favorite among BMW enthusiasts, often considered one of the best all-around engines BMW ever made.

Performance

The M54B30 delivered 231 hp (170 kW) at 5,900 rpm and 300 Nm (221 lb-ft) at 3,500 rpm, making it significantly more powerful than the 523i and 528i, while maintaining a naturally aspirated linear power delivery.

Its torque-rich midrange made for effortless acceleration, whether cruising on the highway or pushing through twisty roads. The 530i was one of the quickest non-M models in the E39 lineup, offering performance close to the V8-powered 540i but with lower running costs.

Specs:

• Power Output: 231 hp (170 kW) @ 5,900 rpm
• Torque: 300 Nm (221 lb-ft) @ 3,500 rpm
• 0-100 km/h (0-62 mph) Acceleration: ~6.9 seconds (manual)
• Top Speed: ~250 km/h (155 mph) (electronically limited)

The 530i was highly regarded for its balance of power and daily usability, making it one of the most desirable non-M E39 models.

Sound

Acceleration

Fuel Efficiency

• Combined: ~9.0–10.0 liters per 100 km (23–26 mpg)
• Urban: ~12.0–13.0 liters per 100 km (18–20 mpg)
• Extra-Urban: ~7.0–8.0 liters per 100 km (29–33 mpg)
• Fuel Tank Capacity: 70 liters (18.5 gallons)

Reliability

The M54B30 engine is well-known for its durability and smooth operation, but it does come with a few common maintenance concerns.

Key reliability factors include:

• Strong bottom end – Known to last well beyond 400,000 km (250,000 miles) with proper maintenance.
• Cooling system weak points – Expansion tanks, water pumps, and radiators should be replaced preventively.
• Oil consumption – Common at higher mileage, often due to worn piston rings or valve stem seals.
• DISA valve failures – Can lead to rough idle or power loss if not addressed.

When properly maintained, the M54B30 is considered one of BMW's most reliable and well-balanced inline-six engines, making the 530i an excellent choice for those seeking an engaging yet dependable driving experience.

4. The E39 540i 

Engine 

The BMW E39 540i was powered by the M62B44 and later the M62TUB44, both 4.4-liter naturally aspirated V8s. These engines made the 540i the most powerful non-M model in the E39 lineup, offering a balance of luxury, refinement, and high-performance.

The pre-facelift 540i (1996–1998) featured the M62B44, a non-VANOS engine with a simpler design and strong reliability. The post-facelift (1998–2003) introduced the M62TUB44, which included single VANOS (on the intake cam) for better low-end torque and improved efficiency.

Paired with either a 6-speed manual (rare and desirable) or a 5-speed automatic, the 540i delivered a grand touring experience, often considered the best alternative to the M5.

Performance

Both versions of the M62B44 delivered strong performance, but the facelifted M62TUB44 had improved low-end response and efficiency due to the VANOS system.

Pre-Facelift (M62B44 – 1996-1998)

• Power Output: 286 hp (210 kW) @ 5,700 rpm
• Torque: 420 Nm (310 lb-ft) @ 3,900 rpm
• 0-100 km/h (0-62 mph): ~6.2 seconds (manual) / ~6.4 seconds (automatic)
• Top Speed: 250 km/h (155 mph) 

Post-Facelift (M62TUB44 – 1998-2003)

• Power Output: 286 hp (210 kW) @ 5,400 rpm
• Torque: 440 Nm (325 lb-ft) @ 3,600 rpm
• 0-100 km/h (0-62 mph): ~6.0 seconds (manual) / ~6.2 seconds (automatic)
• Top Speed: 250 km/h (155 mph)

Fuel Efficiency

While the 540i was a performance-oriented V8, it still maintained reasonable fuel economy for its class. However, its power and weight meant higher fuel consumption compared to inline-six models. But, after all, this car really embodies the smiles per galon principle.

Fuel Consumption:

• Combined: ~11.0–12.5 liters per 100 km (19–22 mpg)
• Urban: ~15.0–16.0 liters per 100 km (14–16 mpg)
• Extra-Urban: ~8.0–9.5 liters per 100 km (25–29 mpg)
• Fuel Tank Capacity: 70 liters (18.5 gallons)

Sound

Acceleration

Reliability

The M62 engine family was robust, but the post-facelift version had additional complexity due to VANOS. Common issues include:

• Timing chain guides – A weak point that requires replacement around 200,000 km.
• VANOS wear (1998+ models) – Fails over time, leading to power loss and rough idle.
• Cooling system – Weak points include water pumps, radiators, and expansion tanks.
• Oil leaks – Valve cover gaskets, timing covers, and rear main seals are prone to leaks.

5. The E39 M5 - The Ultimate E39

Engine 

The E39 M5 was the most powerful, most expensive, and most desirable model in the E39 lineup. Powered by the legendary S62B50, a 5.0-liter naturally aspirated V8, this was the first M5 to feature a V8 engine, marking a departure from the inline-six powerplants of previous generations.

The S62 was a high-performance evolution of the M62 engine, featuring individual throttle bodies (ITBs), double VANOS (on both intake and exhaust cams), and a higher redline of 7,000 rpm. These upgrades gave the E39 M5 a raw, high-revving character, setting it apart from any other E39.

It was paired exclusively with a 6-speed manual transmission, reinforcing its driver-focused nature. With aggressive styling, an M-tuned suspension, and a luxurious yet sporty interior, the E39 M5 was the definitive sports sedan of its time.

Performance – The Most Powerful E39

The S62B50 was the most powerful engine ever fitted to an E39, outclassing the 540i and every other model in the range.

• Power Output: 400 hp (294 kW) @ 6,600 rpm
• Torque: 500 Nm (369 lb-ft) @ 3,800 rpm
• 0-100 km/h (0-62 mph): 4.8 seconds
• Top Speed: 250 km/h (155 mph) (electronically limited) (Over 290 km/h with limiter removed)

The E39 M5's acceleration, power delivery, and high-speed capabilities made it one of the fastest sedans of its era, and it remains a benchmark for sports sedans today.

Sound

Acceleration

Reliability – Costs of a High-Performance Machine

The S62 engine was a masterpiece of engineering, but its complexity meant higher maintenance demands compared to the standard E39 models.

• Rod bearings – Can wear prematurely, especially with aggressive driving.
• VANOS issues – The double VANOS system is prone to seal failure, causing performance loss.
• Throttle body actuators – The ITB system is complex, and failures can be costly.
• Cooling system – Like other E39s, radiators, water pumps, and expansion tanks can fail.

The E39 M5 demands meticulous maintenance, but when properly cared for, it remains one of the greatest sports sedans ever built.

The Most Desirable E39 – A True Icon

The E39 M5 is widely regarded as one of BMW's best M cars ever made, thanks to its perfect balance of power, handling, and daily usability.

• The most powerful and expensive E39 – It stood far above the 540i in both performance and price.
• One of the best sports sedans of all time – Many enthusiasts and journalists still consider it the greatest M5 ever made.
• A future classic – With prices rising rapidly, the E39 M5 is one of the most sought-after BMWs of its era.

For those who want the ultimate E39 experience, nothing comes close to the M5.